Acid reflux is a common digestive condition where stomach acid travels back up into the esophagus, causing discomfort such as heartburn. Though many people experience occasional reflux, chronic symptoms can indicate more serious conditions.
What Is Acid Reflux?
Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. This can cause a burning sensation, pain, and inflammation. It is more common in older adults and people who are overweight or obese.
The most common symptom of acid reflux is heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest that can move up into the throat. Other symptoms include regurgitation, a sour or bitter taste in the mouth, difficulty swallowing, and a feeling of fullness or pressure in the abdomen.1 Acid reflux can also cause damage to the esophagus, leading to complications such as esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, and esophageal cancer.
Acid Reflux Causes
Acid reflux is caused by a weak or damaged lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscle that acts as a valve between the stomach and esophagus. When the LES is weak or damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Hiatal hernia, a condition in which the stomach protrudes through an opening in the diaphragm
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
- Smoking
- Alcohol consumption
- Certain medications, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen
Acid reflux can also be caused by certain foods and drinks, such as:
- Fatty or fried foods
- Spicy foods
- Citrus fruits
- Tomatoes
- Chocolate
- Coffee
- Tea
- Alcohol
Treating Acid Reflux: What You Need To Know
There are a variety of treatments available for acid reflux.2 Some of these include:
- Lifestyle changes, such as losing weight, eating a healthy diet, and avoiding trigger foods and drinks
- Over-the-counter medications, such as antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors
- Prescription medications, such as proton pump inhibitors and histamine-2 receptor antagonists
- Surgery, in severe cases
Most people with acid reflux can manage their symptoms with lifestyle changes and over-the-counter medications. However, if symptoms are severe or do not improve with lifestyle changes and over-the-counter medications, it is important to see a doctor for further evaluation and treatment.
When to See a Doctor
Occasional reflux can often be managed at home, but it’s important to consult a healthcare provider if:
- Symptoms occur more than twice a week or worsen over time.
- There is difficulty swallowing or unexplained weight loss.
- Chest pain occurs, which could indicate a more serious issue, such as a heart condition.
Prompt medical attention can help identify underlying conditions and ensure appropriate treatment is provided.
Learn More About Acid Reflux
While acid reflux is common and often manageable, it can affect quality of life if left unaddressed. Fortunately, by making dietary adjustments, practicing healthy habits, and exploring treatment options, many people can reduce their symptoms and improve their comfort.
It’s essential to monitor symptoms and seek professional guidance if they persist or become more severe. Although there’s no guaranteed cure, taking proactive steps can significantly reduce discomfort and support better digestive health over time.